未熟-低熟油流体特征--以济阳坳陷古近系为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

施继锡  余孝颖 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2003,22(4):314-318

对济阳坳陷古近系储层中流体包裹体的研究进一步证明，其油气属未熟—低熟油气。除了油藏埋深浅、地层时代新、为自生自储同生油藏外，还具下列特征：油气生成温度低，包裹体均一温度范围为53～115℃；处于低演化阶段，储层中主要的包裹体类型是纯液态烃包裹体及纯液体盐水溶液包裹体。包裹体烃类成分中重烃及丁烷含量高，重烃平均占总烃的52．14％，丁烷平均占总烃的14．46％；流体压力高，估算的流体压力范围是10．0～40．5MPa；盐度较高；还原环境；古地温梯度高，为3．830℃／100m等流体特征。研究结果为该坳陷油气成因及识别未熟—低熟油成油物理化学条件等提供了信息。  相似文献   

Temporal variations in magma composition at Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia): magmatic cycles during the past 2000 years of explosive activity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ralf Gertisser  Jrg Keller 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(1-2):1

Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia) has been frequently active during Middle to Late Holocene time producing basalts and basaltic andesites of medium-K composition in earlier stages of activity and high-K magmas from 1900 ¹⁴C yr BP to the present. Radiocarbon dating of pyroclastic deposits indicates an almost continuous activity with periods of high eruption rates alternating with shorter time spans of distinctly reduced eruptive frequency since the first appearance of high-K volcanic rocks. Geochemical data of 28 well-dated, prehistoric pyroclastic flows of the Merapi high-K series indicate systematic cyclic variations. These medium-term compositional variations result from a complex interplay of several magmatic processes, which ultimately control the periodicity and frequency of eruptions at Merapi. Low eruption rates and the absence of new influxes of primitive magma from depth allow the generation of basaltic andesite magma (56–57 wt% SiO₂) in a small-volume magma reservoir through fractional crystallisation from parental mafic magma (52–53 wt% SiO₂) in periods of low eruptive frequency. Magmas of intermediate composition erupted during these stages provide evidence for periodic withdrawal of magma from a steadily fractionating magma chamber. Subsequent periods are characterised by high eruption rates that coincide with shifts of whole-rock compositions from basaltic andesite to basalt. This compositional variation is interpreted to originate from influxes of primitive magma into a continuously active magma chamber, triggering the eruption of evolved magma after periods of low eruptive frequency. Batches of primitive magma eventually mix with residual magma in the magmatic reservoir to decrease whole-rock SiO₂ contents. Supply of primitive magma at Merapi appears to be sufficiently frequent that andesites or more differentiated rock types were not generated during the past 2000 years of activity. Cyclic variations also occurred during the recent eruptive period since AD 1883. The most recent eruptive episode of Merapi is characterised by essentially uniform magma compositions that may imply the existence of a continuously active magma reservoir, maintained in a quasi-steady state by magma recharge. The whole-rock compositions at the upper limit of the total SiO₂ range of the Merapi suite could also indicate the beginning of another period of high eruption rates and shifts towards more mafic compositions.  相似文献   

Lithology and palynology of Neogene sediments on the narrow edge of the Kitakami Massif (basement rocks), northeast Japan: Significant change for depositional environments as a result of plate tectonics     

Koji Yagishita  Akiko Obuse  Hiroshi Kurita 《Island Arc》2003,12(3):268-280

Abstract A controversial stratigraphic section, the Taneichi Formation, is exposed along the Pacific Coast of northeastern Honshu, the main island of the Japanese Archipelago. Although most sediments of the formation have long been dated as late Cretaceous, the northern section of it has been assigned to (i) the Upper Cretaceous; (ii) the Paleogene; or (iii) the Neogene. In the present report, we present the data of palynological and sedimentological studies, showing that the northern section should be assigned to the Neogene. A more important point in the present study is that we invoke some basic principles of fluvial sedimentology to resolve this stratigraphic subject. The lignite layers full of Paleogene–Miocene dinoflagellate cysts and pollen assemblages drape over the boulder‐sized (>40 cm in diameter) clasts in the northern section. However, the layers totally consist of aggregates of small lignite chips, indicating that the lignites are allochthonous materials. The mega‐clasts with derived microfossils in the lignites are thought to have been deposited as Neogene fluvial (flood) sediments in the newly formed Japanese Archipelago. Prior to the Miocene, the northern Honshu was part of the Eurasian Plate, thus the boulder‐sized clasts cannot be envisaged as long river flood deposits along the continental Paleogene Pacific Coast. Instead, the mega‐clasts with the draping lignites were probably derived from nearby Miocene highlands in the newly born island arc.  相似文献   

四川石棉蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

沈渭洲  高剑峰  徐士进  李惠民  周国庆  杨铸生  杨七文 《地质论评》2003,49(1):17-27

四川石棉县石棉蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩和辉长岩组成,玄武岩出露零星。辉长岩中锆石U-P年龄为906±46Ma,表明它是新元古代早期岩浆活动产物。变质橄榄岩具有低的Al_2O_3和CaO含量,高的MgO含量和Mg~#值,与世界上典型蛇绿岩中方辉橄榄岩的值一致。玄武岩具有较高的SiO_2和TiO_2含量,较低的Al_2O_3和K_2O含量;LREE略亏损,基本无Eu异常;在不相容元素方面,玄武岩具有较低的(La/Yb)_N,(La/Sm)_N,Ce/Zr,Th/Y,Th/La和Ti/Y值,较高的La/Nb,Zr/Nb和Y/Nb值,Nb负异常较为明显;玄武岩的主要地球化学特征与MORB相似,但与IAT和OIB区别明显。在构造环境判别图解中,玄武岩均投影于MORB区域。根据上述特征并结合区域地质构造特征,笔者认为,石棉蛇绿岩可能形成于成熟的弧后盆地环境。  相似文献   

济宁二号矿孤岛工作面冲击矿压危险及其控制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何烨  才庆祥  窦林名  张卫东 《岩土力学》2003,(Z2)

孤岛工作面及其周围巷道附近应力集中程度高,顶板运动剧烈,再加上地质构造的影响,采深较大时,冲击危险程度就高,很容易引发冲击矿压。《煤矿安全规程》要求孤岛工作面按冲击矿压危险工作面来管理。孤岛工作面冲击矿压危险检测预报及控制的技术是先分析冲击危险程度,确定冲击危险指数,提出早期预报;采用电磁辐射和钻屑法进行及时预报;采用卸压爆破进行处理,并采用电磁辐射和钻屑法检验防治措施的效果。实践证明,这套技术安全、可靠、有效,能够保证工作面的安全高效生产。  相似文献   

重庆雾的特点及其变化分析   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

向波  刘德  廖代强 《气象》2003,29(2):48-52

利用重庆市沙坪坝195l一2001年的资料，对重庆市区雾的生消时间、持续时间、能见度等主要特征变量及其相对湿度，温度差等相关气象要素做了较为全面的分析，认为城市热岛效应可能是造成重庆主城区雾日数减少的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

气象卫星观测资料的分析在城市区域气象环境研究中的应用   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

周志恩  蒋维楣  胡非  奚文 《气象科学》2003,23(3):292-299

目前 ,我国气象部门相当普遍地拥有气象卫星观测资料 ,但是 ,这些资料如何在城市气象服务以及为城市建设规划等方面的决策研究中发挥作用 ,急待进一步研究并开展工作。本文试图通过合理的反演处理 ,给出卫星观测对地面温度的测量结果 ,由此可比较细致地分析了解地面热状况及其与土地利用类型 ,地面覆盖性质等的关系。本文利用有限的 NOAA- AVHRR气象卫星遥感资料 ,采用修正的 Ulivieri分裂窗方法反演出同期的地表温度场 ,通过对北京地区的卫星观测资料进行算例分析 ,揭示出一个 2 0 0 km× 2 0 0 km范围内的地面温度分布特征。反演结果可以明显地揭示出城市热岛现象的变化规律 ,并且能较为清楚地反映出相对的高温区和低温区  相似文献   

粗糙冷岛宽度与布局对局地气候影响的数值研究     

余晖  杨舵 《南京气象学院学报》1997,20(2):165-170

利用一个二维大气模式，研究粗糙冷岛宽度与布局对局地气候的影响问题。结果表明：粗糙冷岛激发的局地环流随其宽度的变化表现出３种流型－单环流型，双上升单下沉型，双环流型。存在４０－５０ｋｍ左右的临界宽度ｄｃ，当粗糙冷岛宽度ｄ〈ｄｃ时，粗糙冷岛激发的局地环流随ｄ的增加而明显增强；而ｄ〉ｄｃ时，局地环流随ｄ的增国变化不大，甚至趋向准定常。  相似文献   

城市化对北京平均气温的影响   总被引：40，自引：2，他引：40  

陈沈斌  潘莉卿 《地理学报》1997,52(1):27-36

本文利用北京（观象台）及周围几个气象台站月平均气温资料，滑动平均后，采用主成分分析方法，再进行倾向性分析，探讨了北京城市化对气平均气温的影响，估算对北京（观象台）气温记录的影响约为０．２１℃／３３ａ推断市中心二环路以内强烈地影响。  相似文献   

多宝山超大型铜矿床的成矿构造环境   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

尹冰川  冉清昌 《矿物学报》1997,17(2):220-224

多宝山超大型铜矿床是我国典型的斑岩型矿床，主要产出于多宝山组岛弧建造和花岗闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩中，成矿年龄为292～283Ma。根据地球物理异常及大量的基性和超基性岩体，以及通过对比两侧的岩石圈结构、古生物、结晶基底、成矿特征和地球化学特征，认为黑河一嫩江是一条重要的构造边界带，它是兴安和松嫩地块在早石炭世拼合、碰撞、造山隆起形成的。多宝山超大型铜矿床就是形成于两板块碰撞后隆起抬升构造环境的斑岩型铜矿床。  相似文献